When you release the trigger of the controller (with brakes), instead of a reverse current being fed into the track (Like Graham's setup), or nothing happening at all (no brakes), the track is basically shorted and thus a load (resistance) is applied to the motor of the car that turns it into a dynamo or generator. This is known as EMF, or electromotive force. This in turn slows down the car. Highter torque motors brake better as they make better dynamos.
If you add a potentiometer to the brake line, you can alter the amount of load (or resistance) applied and thereby control the amount of braking.
If you add a potentiometer to the brake line, you can alter the amount of load (or resistance) applied and thereby control the amount of braking.